Therefore, this study aims to develop a large-scale manually annotated benchmark Urdu paraphrase detection corpus at the sentence level, based on real cases from journalism. The available related studies on the Urdu language only focus on text reuse detection tasks at the passage and document levels. It is mainly due to the unavailability of the corpora that focus on the sentence level. However, no research has been conducted on sentence-level paraphrase detection in Urdu, a low-resourced language. There have been very few efforts for paraphrase detection in South Asian languages. Previously, the researchers have mainly focused on developing resources for the English language for paraphrase detection. Paraphrase detection systems uncover the relationship between two text fragments and classify them as paraphrased when they convey the same idea otherwise non-paraphrased. The corpus is a useful benchmark resource for the future development and assessment of cross‐language text reuse detection systems for the English‐Urdu language pair. Evaluation results (f1=0.732 binary, f1=0.552 ternary classification) indicate that it is harder to detect cross‐language real cases of text reuse, especially when the language pairs have unrelated scripts.
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Further, as a second contribution, we evaluate the Translation plus Mono‐lingual Analysis method using three sets of experiments on the proposed dataset to highlight its usefulness. It contains in total 3,235 sentence/passage pairs manually tagged into three categories that is near copy, paraphrased copy, and independently written. The Cross‐Language English‐Urdu Corpus (CLEU) has source text in English whereas the derived text is in Urdu. To overcome this problem, we propose a cross‐language sentence/passage level text reuse corpus for the English‐Urdu language pair. Although researchers have proposed methods to detect it, one major drawback is the unavailability of large‐scale gold standard evaluation resources built on real cases. The recent rise in multi‐lingual content on the Web has increased cross‐language text reuse to an unprecedented scale. Here was I ready to buy Disappointed.Text reuse is becoming a serious issue in many fields and research shows that it is much harder to detect when it occurs across languages. If you want to just blow the data damage off, then you really don’t want my money - ever. Trust my hard earned experience, there is one. Just because many users have no problems doesn’t mean there is no bug. Did you bother to ask if there was Time Machine back up did you reach out to help restore? Database corruption bugs is one the of the most important bugs and hardest to test for. And had to hand hold users whose data is gone - its painful. I have seen and reported app bugs that corrupt a database file making migration during updates break. I have been doing QA for many decades (am 57) for many companies with many different products. I think it is unavoidable that some upgrades may have a problem. There are many other users upgraded without any problem. I am about to buy but this bug makes me want to wait. Something went wrong when migrated on the new datastore. Your case is the second among 3500 updates till now. But saw some reports of users book library get wiped out during the v5 update.
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